The Supreme Court has roughly 30 rulings left this term, covering birthright citizenship, presidential removal power, transgender sports, ballot deadlines, and campaign finance.
The Supreme Court entered its final weeks of the October 2025 term with approximately 30 decisions still pending, including cases that could redefine the scope of birthright citizenship, presidential removal power over independent agencies, transgender participation in sports, mail-in ballot deadlines, and campaign finance coordination limits [1]. The cluster of unresolved cases makes the coming weeks among the most watched of any recent term [2].
The pending matters span multiple constitutional domains. On immigration, the Court is set to rule on whether the 14th Amendment's citizenship clause extends to children born in the United States to parents without lawful status, a question that President Trump publicly predicted would be decided against his administration's position [3]. On executive power, Trump v. Slaughter centers on whether the president may remove Federal Trade Commission commissioners without cause, a holding that would require overruling or limiting Humphrey's Executor v. United States, the 1935 precedent that insulated independent agency officials from at-will removal. Oral argument in that case drew notable questioning from all six conservative justices, each appearing receptive to a broader presidential removal authority [1].
The Court is also positioned to resolve two cases touching transgender athlete eligibility, Little v. Heacox and West Virginia v. B.P.J., which collectively challenge state and federal authority to restrict transgender girls and women from competing in female athletic categories [2]. Watson v. Mississippi raises a distinct election-administration question, asking whether states may set mail-in ballot receipt deadlines that fall before Election Day, a ruling with direct implications for how states administer future federal elections [1]. In NRSC v. FEC, the National Republican Senatorial Committee challenges existing limits on coordinated expenditures between political parties and their candidates, a dispute that could significantly alter party spending in federal campaigns [2].
FTC Commissioner Rebecca Slaughter, named as a respondent in the removal-power case, and other independent agency officials face the prospect that the Court will curtail the structural protections that have governed their tenure since the New Deal era [3]. The White House is monitoring the full docket closely, given that several of the remaining decisions bear directly on executive branch operations and administration priorities [3].
Decisions in all pending cases are expected by the end of June 2026. The removal-power ruling, if it overturns Humphrey's Executor, would carry the farthest-reaching administrative law consequences, potentially exposing the leadership of every major independent regulatory agency to presidential dismissal [1].