The Supreme Court has 23 decisions left this term, covering birthright citizenship, executive removal power, transgender sports bans, ballot grace periods, and campaign finance.
The Supreme Court of the United States enters the final weeks of its 2025-26 term with 23 decisions still pending, covering birthright citizenship, executive removal power, transgender athlete eligibility, mail-in ballot rules, and coordinated campaign spending limits [1]. The Court is targeting a late-June recess, and the next opinion release was scheduled for June 11 [1]. Any single ruling in this cluster could alter federal law across multiple practice areas; taken together, they represent one of the most consequential end-of-term sprints in recent memory [2].
The pending docket spans several distinct legal battlegrounds. In *Trump v. Barbara*, the Court will decide whether the President's executive order restricting birthright citizenship violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause [2]. In *Trump v. Slaughter* and *Trump v. Cook*, the justices will address whether the President may remove Federal Trade Commission and Federal Reserve board members at will, a question that cuts directly to the constitutional limits of executive removal power and the survival of for-cause protections established in *Humphrey's Executor* [2]. Separately, *Little v. Hecox* and *West Virginia v. B.P.J.* ask whether state laws banning transgender athletes from competing in women's sports violate Title IX and the Equal Protection Clause [1]. *Watson v. Republican National Committee* tests whether state mail-in ballot grace periods are preempted by federal election statutes [1]. A campaign finance case challenges whether coordinated party spending limits survive First Amendment scrutiny [2].
The procedural posture varies by case. Several of the executive-power matters reached the Court on expedited timelines following lower-court injunctions, while the transgender-sports and voting cases advanced through the ordinary appellate process [1] [2]. All sit before the full nine-justice Court with oral argument complete; only written opinions remain [1].
The significance of this term's closing weeks extends beyond any individual ruling. A decision invalidating birthright citizenship would require legislative or constitutional action to correct and would immediately affect thousands of pending immigration cases [2]. A broad executive-removal holding in the FTC and Fed cases could dismantle the independence of every multi-member federal agency [2]. The transgender-sports opinions will set binding precedent for Title IX enforcement across all 50 states [1]. Litigants, agencies, and state legislatures are all awaiting guidance simultaneously.
Opinion releases continue on a rolling basis through late June [1]. Practitioners should monitor the Court's release calendar closely; multiple rulings may drop on a single decision day as the term closes [2].
—